中国范儿119 “南水北调”工程：南来之水润北国

“南水北调”工程：南来之水润北国

South-to-North Water Diversion Project: Water from South to Irrigate North

北京五棵松地铁站，是城市主干道上一个十分重要的交通枢纽，每隔2分钟一班的地铁呼啸而过，运送着往来的乘客。而就在这站台下方3.67米处，暗藏着一项巨大工程，它横跨长安街，将奔腾千里的长江水经此引入团城湖，让北方万千百姓因此喝上了干净充沛的南方水源。在北京，每10杯水中有7.5杯是“南水”，这正是被称之为世纪工程的“南水北调”。

Wukesong subway station in Beijing is a major traffic hub on the city’s main street. Every two minutes, the subway carrying hundreds of passengers roars by. But not many know that just 3.67 meters below the platform lies a project that is an architectural marvel. Crossing Chang'an Street, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project brings waters of Yangtze River thousands miles away to Tuancheng Lake so millions in the north can also drink clean water that the south enjoys. In pure numbers, 7.5 out of every 10 glasses that are drank in Beijing contain this water from the south. 

中国水资源南北分布不均，“干渴”的华北平原，人均占有量不足世界平均水平的十分之一，是水资源承载能力与经济社会发展矛盾最为突出的地区。上世纪50年代向南方“借”点水的想法被提出来，历经半个世纪的反复论证，南水北调工程终于在21世纪初进入建设高潮，分东、中、西三路将长江水输送到北方。2014年12月全面通水至今，累计调水近300亿立方米，成为沿线40多座大中城市重要水源，直接受益人口超1.2亿。

China’s water resources are unevenly distributed between the north and the south. While the North China Plain has insufficient water resources with a per capita share less than one tenth of the world average the unavailability of this precious commodity made it difficult to support social economic development. The idea of "borrowing" water from the south was first floated in the 1950s. Half a century of discussions later, the South-to-North Water Diversion Project saw the light of day. At the beginning of the 21st century, water from the Yangtze River was transported to the north by the east, middle and west channels. Since December 2014, water has been continuously supplied, with a total of nearly 30 billion cubic meters of water transferred. The project has become an important water source for more than 40 large and medium-sized cities along the line, with a direct beneficiary population of over 120 million.

为将东西流向的南国之水借调至北方，建设者们攻克了一项又一项世界性难题。中线的丹江口水库创新性地在老坝体上浇筑新坝，水库面积增加至1022平方千米；沿线修建了数十座巨大的"渡槽"，使北去的水流凌空跨过拦路的江河；中线的“穿黄工程”，在河床之下三十多米开凿隧道，巧妙地引水穿过黄河；东线修建了世界最大规模的泵站群，将南来之水逐级提升了40多米，而后继续奔涌向北。

To facilitate flow of water, builders overcame one challenge after another. The Danjiangkou Reservoir in the middle line was built after developing new dams on the old dam and increasing the reservoir area to 1,022 square kilometers. Dozens of huge “aqueducts” were built along the line to make the water flow to the north. In addition, the “Yellow River Crossing Project” in the middle line entailed a tunnel running more than 30 meters below the river bed, cleverly diverting water through the Yellow River, while the east line built the largest pumping group in the world, which allowed water from the south to rise by more than 40 meters and then rush northward.

千里调水，水质是关键。五年来，沿线各城市调整产业结构，下大力气治污防污、水质始终稳定在地表水环境质量标准Ⅱ类以上。“水碱少了，口感甜了”，是受水区居民最直观的感受。

A key component of water transfer is water quality. In the past five years, the industrial structure of cities along the line has been adjusted, efforts have been made to prevent pollution and the water quality has remained stable above class II of surface water environmental quality standard. Residents in these areas vouch for the water tasting less alkaline and slightly sweet.

与此同时，生态用水也得到极大的补充，滋润干渴的大地，因缺水而萎缩的部分湖泊、湿地再现生机，山水复绿、鱼鸟重现，京津等地地下水位也在持续回升。

At the same time, efforts have been made to revive natural sources of water. Parched land now retains moisture, lakes and wetlands that were shrinking due to water shortage have been rejuvenated, fish and birds have reappeared and the groundwater level in Beijing and Tianjin continues to rise.

五年来，“南水”已成为多个重要城市生活用水的主力水源。同时为京津冀协同发展、雄安新区建设等国家重大战略实施提供可靠的水资源支撑。未来，将利用现有的河道输水，扩大向更多城市供水，惠及更多沿线人民。

In the past five years, southern water has become the main source of domestic water in many important cities. At the same time, it provides reliable water resources support for the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin Hebei and the construction of Xiong’an New Area. In the future, the existing river channels will be used to transport water, expand water supply to more cities and benefit more people along the line.

“南水北调工程功在当代，利在千秋。”这是南北资源共享、相互协作的模板，是持续造福民生的“国之重器”。

“The South-to-North Water Diversion Project has made great contributions to the present age and hold promise of many benefits in the future.” It is an example of resource sharing and mutual cooperation between the north and the south and a key project for improving people’s wellbeing in the country.

来源：中国网

长按识别二维码可关注该微信公众平台

往期回顾